https://www.euronews.com/2026/10/14/climate-change-is-putting-europes-brain-health-at-risk
By Giedre PeseckyteBy Giedre Peseckyte
Rising temperatures, poor air quality and the spread of infectious diseases could increase the burden of neurological disorders, with the most vulnerable communities facing the greatest risks.
Climate change is emerging as a growing threat to brain health, as rising temperatures and other environmental pressures add to the burden of neurological health conditions.
Neurological disorders, ranging from migraines to dementia and Parkinson’s disease, affect around one in three people over their lifetime, according to estimates cited by neurologist Ulf Kallweit, who is also a co-chair of the environmental influences task force at the European Academy of Neurology. Combined with mental health conditions, they accounted for an estimated global economic burden of €1.5 trillion in 2019.
“Everybody is somehow affected or knows somebody who is affected by a neurological disorder,” Kallweit told Euronews Health on the sidelines of the European Health Forum Gastein.
As climate change drives temperatures higher, the situation could deteriorate further, he warned, worsening existing conditions and potentially increasing the risk of developing neurological disorders.
But the trajectory is not inevitable. Policymakers can help limit the risks through measures that reduce exposure to heat and pollution and improve the environments in which people live.
Heat puts the brain under pressure
One of the clearest concerns is the relationship between high temperatures and stroke.
Heat can also affect brain health indirectly by disrupting sleep.
Tropical nights, when temperatures remain above 20°C overnight, make it harder for the body to cool down. This can interfere with deep sleep and prevent people from recovering properly overnight.
“Everybody who experienced the last summer knows that sleep gets worse in these kind of heat nights,” Kallweit said.
Prolonged sleep disruption may have more serious consequences than a few restless nights.
“If you don’t sleep well, not maybe one night, but for a longer time, there’s a huge increase, let’s say, for the risk of getting a stroke or also becoming demented,” he said.
Rising temperatures are also changing the geographical range of some infectious diseases, including those transmitted by ticks and mosquitoes. Some of these infections can affect the nervous system. Lyme borreliosis, for example, is transmitted by infected ticks and can cause neurological complications.
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If they live in deprived neighbourhoods, their health risks rise further. Recent research has found that people living in socioeconomic deprivation have poorer indicators of brain health, including lower total brain volume and more signs of vascular damage.
Climate change could compound these existing inequalities.
“If you have heat and you cannot afford an AC, then you are more bothered,” Kallweit said. Access to healthy food, housing conditions and the surrounding environment can also shape people’s health, he added.
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